xxv Roman Numerals 1 to 1000000 rules chart & pdf

Roman numerals are a system of numerical notation. Instead of using the familiar numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, etc.), numbers have a set of symbols to represent them. These symbols are derived from the Latin alphabet and have specific values assigned to them.By combining these symbols, different numbers are represented.

Roman numerals are used today in a variety of contexts, such as clock faces, book chapters, Super Bowl numbering, and even movie credits.

xxv roman numerals: 10 + 10 + 5 = 25 in numerical standers number

The seven basic symbols used in Roman numerals are:

• I: Represents the value 1.
• V: Represents the value 5.
• X: Represents the value 10.
• L: Represents the value 50.
• C: Represents the value 100.
• D: Represents the value 500.
• M: Represents the value 1000.

Roman Numbers 1 to 100 Chart

How to Write Roman Numbers 1 to 100?

Number	Number in Words	Roman Number
1	One	I
2	Two	II
3	Three	III
4	Four	IV
5	Five	V
6	Six	VI
7	Seven	VII
8	Eight	VIII
9	Nine	IX
10	Ten	X
11	Eleven	XI
12	Twelve	XII
13	Thirteen	XIII
14	Fourteen	XIV
15	Fifteen	XV
16	Sixteen	XVI
17	Seventeen	XVII
18	Eighteen	XVIII
19	Nineteen	XIX
20	Twenty	XX
21	Twenty-one	XXI
22	Twenty-two	XXII
23	Twenty-three	XXIII
24	Twenty-four	XXIV
25	Twenty-five	XXV
26	Twenty-six	XXVI
27	Twenty-seven	XXVII
28	Twenty-eight	XXVIII
29	Twenty-nine	XXIX
30	Thirty	XXX
31	Thirty-one	XXXI
32	Thirty-two	XXXII
33	Thirty-three	XXXIII
34	Thirty-four	XXXIV
35	Thirty-five	XXXV
36	Thirty-six	XXXVI
37	Thirty-seven	XXXVII
38	Thirty-eight	XXXVIII
39	Thirty-nine	XXXIX
40	Forty	XL
41	Forty-one	XLI
42	Forty-two	XLII
43	Forty-three	XLIII
44	Forty-four	XLIV
45	Forty-five	XLV
46	Forty-six	XLVI
47	Forty-seven	XLVII
48	Forty-eight	XLVIII
49	Forty-nine	XLIX
50	Fifty	L
51	Fifty-one	LI
52	Fifty-two	LII
53	Fifty-three	LIII
54	Fifty-four	LIV
55	Fifty-five	LV
56	Fifty-six	LVI
57	Fifty-seven	LVII
58	Fifty-eight	LVIII
59	Fifty-nine	LIX
60	Sixty	LX
61	Sixty-one	LXI
62	Sixty-two	LXII
63	Sixty-three	LXIII
64	Sixty-four	LXIV
65	Sixty-five	LXV
66	Sixty-six	LXVI
67	Sixty-seven	LXVII
68	Sixty-eight	LXVIII
69	Sixty-nine	LXIX
70	Seventy	LXX
71	Seventy-one	LXXI
72	Seventy-two	LXXII
73	Seventy-three	LXXIII
74	Seventy-four	LXXIV
75	Seventy-five	LXXV
76	Seventy-six	LXXVI
77	Seventy-seven	LXXVII
78	Seventy-eight	LXXVIII
79	Seventy-nine	LXXIX
80	Eighty	LXXX
81	Eighty-one	LXXXI
82	Eighty-two	LXXXII
83	Eighty-three	LXXXIII
84	Eighty-four	LXXXIV
85	Eighty-five	LXXXV
86	Eighty-six	LXXXVI
87	Eighty-seven	LXXXVII
88	Eighty-eight	LXXXVIII
89	Eighty-nine	LXXXIX
90	Ninety	XC
91	Ninety-one	XCI
92	Ninety-two	XCII
93	Ninety-three	XCIII
94	Ninety-four	XCIV
95	Ninety-five	XCV
96	Ninety-six	XCVI
97	Ninety-seven	XCVII
98	Ninety-eight	XCVIII
99	Ninety-nine	XCIX
100	One hundred	C

Roman Numerals 100 to 1000

Number	Roman Numerals	Evaluation	Number in Words
100	C	100	One hundred
200	CC	100 + 100	Two hundred
300	CCC	100 + 100 + 100	Three hundred
400	CD	500 – 100	Four hundred
500	D	500	Five hundred
600	DC	500 + 100	Six hundred
700	DCC	500 + 100 + 100	Seven hundred
800	DCCC	500 + 100 + 100 + 100	Eight hundred
900	CM	1000 – 100	Nine hundred
1000	M	1000	One Thousand

What is Roman Letters

Roman letters are created using the English alphabet but not all letters are taken for Roman numerals. Of the 26 English letters, 23 are Roman letters, not including J, U, and W. Therefore, the Roman letters are:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, and Z. These Roman letters are also called Roman symbols.
For example, the year 2023 is written as MMXXIII.

Rules to Write Roman Numerals

The Additive Principle:

1. Symbols are generally written from left to right in decreasing order of value.
2. The values of the symbols are added together to obtain the total value of the Roman numeral.
3. For example, III represents 1 + 1 + 1 = 3, and LXVII represents 50 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 67.
4. This principle is applied when symbols of the same or increasing value are placed together.

The Subtractive Principle:

1. A smaller value symbol placed before a larger value symbol indicates subtraction.
2. The smaller value is subtracted from the larger value.
3. For example, IV represents 5 – 1 = 4, and CM represents 1000 – 100 = 900.
4. Subtractive notation is used for numbers such as 4, 9, 40, 90, etc.

The subtractive principle is especially important to avoid the repetition of certain symbols and to provide a concise and standardized representation. It allows for efficient notation and prevents the need for multiple occurrences of the same symbol in a row.

Write	Avoid	For the value of
IV	IIII	4
IX	VIIII	9
XL	XXXX	40
XC	LXXXX	90
CD	CCCC	400
CM	DCCCC	900

Understanding the additive and subtractive principles is crucial for correctly reading and writing Roman numerals. By following these principles, you can accurately represent and interpret various numerical values within the Roman numeral system.

Avoiding Repetition:

1. Certain symbols should not repeat more than three times consecutively.
2. To represent numbers exceeding three of the same symbols, subtractive notation is used.
3. Subtractive notation involves placing a smaller value symbol before a larger value symbol to indicate subtraction.
4. For example, 4 is represented as IV instead of IIII, and 9 is represented as IX instead of VIIII.
5. Similarly, “XL” represents 50 – 10 = 40, and “XC” represents 100 – 10 = 90.

Minimal Use of Symbols:

1. Roman numerals are written using the fewest possible symbols.
2. The symbols “I” (1), “X” (10), “C” (100), and “M” (1000) should not repeat more than three times consecutively.
3. For example, 4 is represented as IV instead of IIII, and 900 is represented as CM instead of DCCCC.

This rule helps maintain the compactness of Roman numerals and prevents ambiguity.

Reading Roman Numerals:

1. To read a Roman numeral, start from the left and work your way to the right.
2. Add the values of the symbols together according to the additive principle.
3. If a smaller value symbol appears before a larger value symbol, subtract the smaller value from the larger value according to the subtractive principle.

Converting Roman Numerals to Standard numerical system and vice versa

1. Start from the left and move to the right of the Roman numeral.
2. Assign numerical values to each symbol according to its corresponding Roman numeral value.
3. If a smaller value symbol appears before a larger value symbol, subtract the smaller value from the larger value.
4. Add up the values of all the symbols to obtain the Arabic numeral equivalent.

Example:

1. Convert the Roman numeral “XVIII” to Arabic numerals:
   • X = 10, V = 5, and I = 1.
   • Since “V” (5) appears before “I” (1), we subtract 1 from 5.
   • Adding up the values: 10 + 5 – 1 + 1 + 1 = 18.
   • Therefore, “XVIII” in Roman numerals is equivalent to 18 in Numerical system.

Converting Standard numerical system to Roman Numerals:

1. Divide the Arabic numeral into place values: thousands, hundreds, tens, and units.
2. For each place value, determine the corresponding Roman numeral symbols based on their values.
3. Combine the symbols to form the Roman numeral representation.

Example:

2. Convert the Arabic numeral 42 to Roman numerals:
   • 42 is composed of 40 (XL) and 2 (II).
   • The Roman numeral representation is XLII.

Large Numbers in Roman Numerals

Here’s an explanation of how to represent large numbers in Roman numerals:

Place Value Notation:

1. Roman numerals use a place value system similar to Arabic numerals.
2. The symbols I, X, C, and M represent the units, tens, hundreds, and thousands, respectively.
3. Repetition and Grouping:

4. Symbols are repeated to represent multiples of the same value.
5. For example, III represents 3 (1 + 1 + 1) and XXX represents 30 (10 + 10 + 10).

Subtractive Notation:

6. The subtractive principle is employed to represent certain numbers more efficiently.
7. By placing a smaller value symbol before a larger value symbol, subtraction is indicated.
8. For example, IV represents 4 (5 – 1) and CM represents 900 (1000 – 100).

Using a Bar Symbol:

9. A bar is placed on top of a symbol to multiply its value by 1000.
10. For example, a bar over the symbol V (V̄) represents 5000.

To represent larger numbers, combine the appropriate symbols and follow the additive and subtractive principles. Here are some examples:

• 1000: M
• 2000: MM
• 3000: MMM
• 4000: MV̄
• 5000: V̄
• 6000: V̄M
• 7000: V̄MM
• 8000: V̄MMM
• 9000: MX̄
• 10,000: X̄
• 50,000: L̄
• 100,000: C̄
• 500,000: D̄
• 1,000,000: M̄

Overline and parentheses notation for larger values

Overline Notation:

1. An overline placed above a Roman numeral multiplies its value by 1000.
2. It is used to represent numbers that are significantly larger than the standard symbols allow.
3. The overline extends over the entire Roman numeral or just a portion of it, depending on the magnitude of the number.
4. For example, an overline above the symbol X (X̅) represents 10,000, and an overline above the symbol V (V̅) represents 5,000.
5. The overline can be applied to any symbol, including multiple symbols combined together.

Parentheses Notation:

2. Parentheses are used to indicate multiplication of the enclosed Roman numeral value by 1000.
3. It is another way to represent larger numbers beyond the standard symbols’ range.
4. The Roman numeral(s) enclosed within parentheses are multiplied by 1000.
5. For example, (X) represents 10,000, and (V) represents 5,000.
6. Parentheses can also be used to group symbols together for clarity or to indicate multiplication.

Using these notations, you can represent even larger numbers in Roman numerals. Here are a few examples:

• 50,000: L (or (L))
• 100,000: C (or (C))
• 500,000: D (or (D))
• 1,000,000: M (or (M))
• 5,000,000: V̅ (or (V̅))
• 10,000,000: X̅ (or (X̅))

Examples of representing numbers in the thousands, millions, etc.

Here are examples of representing numbers in the thousands, millions, billions, and beyond using Roman numerals:

Thousands:

1. 3000: MMM
2. 4000: MV̄ (5000 – 1000)
3. 6000: V̄M
4. 9000: MX̄ (10000 – 1000)

Millions:

• 1,000,000: M (or (M))
• 2,000,000: MM (or (MM))
• 3,000,000: MMM (or (MMM))

Billions:

• 1,000,000,000: M̄ (or (M̄))
• 2,000,000,000: M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄))
• 3,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄))

Trillions:

• 1,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄))
• 2,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄))
• 3,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄M̄))

Quadrillions:

• 1,000,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄))
• 2,000,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄M̄))
• 3,000,000,000,000,000: M̄M̄M̄M̄M̄ (or (M̄M̄M̄M̄M̄))

Practical Applications of Roman Numerals

• Clocks and Watches:
  • Roman numerals are commonly used on clock faces to indicate the hours.
  • They provide a classic and elegant appearance, often seen in traditional or decorative timepieces.

• Page Numbering and Outlines:
  • Roman numerals are used to number the pages of books, especially in introductory sections, prefaces, or table of contents.
  • They are also used for outlining chapters, sections, or subsections in legal documents, research papers, or academic manuscripts.

• Numbering of Movie Sequels and Series:
  • Roman numerals are frequently used to number movie sequels, series, or editions.
  • This usage helps differentiate and identify different installments of a franchise or production.

• Dates and Copyrights:
  • Roman numerals are employed in dating certain historical events or inscriptions.
  • They are also used to indicate the year of production or copyright in books, movies, or music.

• Monuments, Statues, and Building Cornerstones:
  • Roman numerals can be found on monuments, statues, or building cornerstones, representing the year of establishment, construction, or significant events.

• Sporting Events:
  • Roman numerals are used to designate the edition or number of major sporting events, such as the Super Bowl or Olympic Games.

• Educational Purposes:
  • Roman numerals are often taught in schools as part of historical and mathematical education.
  • They help students understand ancient numeral systems and historical context.

• Decorative and Artistic Applications:
  • Roman numerals are commonly used in decorative elements, such as jewelry, engravings, or architectural designs.
  • They add a touch of elegance and a sense of timelessness to various artistic expressions.

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